Shopper Experience
03 May 2022
Retailers are the new tech companies
Brands and retailers are making plans to double down on digital approaches as stores reopen.
Brands and retailers are making plans to double down on digital approaches as stores reopen.
As ecommerce rose over two decades, it was often painted as an antidote to in-person retail.
The internet brought a reinvented shopping experience. Ecommerce platforms offered a wide range of goods available at low prices, ordered and delivered without leaving the house. Simultaneously, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands brought fresh approaches in particular verticals that didn't change in years, and simultaneously setting the tone with style. They even made packaging fun. As with so many web-based businesses, they were characterized as disruptors setting out to replace the established incumbents.
Two years of acceleration during the COVID-19 pandemic made shoppers more comfortable with this mode. Ecommerce boomed. Not only were more shoppers turning to digital channels for purchases. Brands and retailers born in the analog era were now growing online businesses, too. With more exposure, the tactics of digitally native brands offered lessons for their larger counterparts. The era of disruption gave way to one of wide adoption.
Now, as pandemic restrictions pull back, ecommerce is returning to its pre-pandemic growth trajectory – steadily gaining share of retail spend year by year, but no longer gaining a decade's worth of growth in a single quarter. Yet, as shoppers are heading back out to stores, they are taking the expectations and habits of online shopping with them.
As UPS CEO Carol Tomé put it on the company's recent earnings call:
Retailers are more attuned to this than ever, and they are making adjustments in kind. Digitally native brands, facing increased competition with the growth of ecommerce, are interested in exploring the in-person route, offering an additional channel to meet shoppers.
What's next is not simply a return to in-person, but a combination of physical and digital shopping.
DTC brands are becoming more prominent at ubiquitous stores and growing their retail own networks, while brands that were already brick-and-mortar mainstays are opting for DTC strategies. Stores are fulfillment centers. Groceries are ordered via app, then picked up at the store. Ads are getting served in the aisles. Malls are getting built in Roblox.
Before, the store came to the internet. Now, the internet is coming to the store.
The era of blanding is giving way to one of blending.
This puts the more established brands and retailers in a unique position. They already have scale, and sizable store footprints that can be adapted. Yet, given the nature of the internet, they must also constantly innovate in response to what customers want. This means they will need to keep adding technology capabilities. They will do so by growing teams from within, and looking beyond their own walls. This is evident in the hiring and investment plans being laid by several consumer companies.
Lego plans to triple its tech team in three years.
Brands and retailers are scaling tech teams quickly.
With an increasingly digital business that combines its stores and an online marketplace with a growing number of third-party sellers, Walmart has a foundation for blended retail in place. Now, it is hiring more than 5,000 technologists this fiscal year, and setting up hubs in Toronto and Atlanta.
“We have a world class organization including technology, product and operations teams that we believe, combined with our retail strength and scale, will allow us to build a mutually beneficial flywheel that unlocks new revenue for Walmart while improving the customer experience for everyone,” Anshu Bhardwaj, Walmart SVP of Strategy and Tech Commercialization, told The Current.
Nike, which doubled down on a DTC and digital strategy that has brought growth, is set to join the company as a tech talent magnet in the Georgia metropolis next year. The athletic brand is planning to open a technology center that’s set to focus on supply chain and logistics, AI that improves shopper experience and cybersecurity.
Lego, long a primary proponent of building with one’s hands, is set to nearly triple the size of its tech team to 1,800 employees over three years. In the first building block to get there, it recently opened a new office with room for up to 400 team members in Copenhagen, and is planning three more.
“Our digital transformation is one of the single largest investments the LEGO Group will make in a generation,” said Atul Bhardwaj, Chief Digital and Technology Officer at LEGO, in a statement. “We’ve been blending physical and digital experiences for many years and are excited by our progress, but we have big ambitions so are accelerating our investment and expanding our digital team.
In tech, small companies with big ideas and focus have huge advantages. Collaboration is a must in order to grow. Retailers must also be mindful of the startups bringing new products, and seek opportunities for partnerships that will yield mutual benefits. For particularly promising companies, there will be chances to support them, as well. There may be more room for retailers to play a bigger role in the startup ecosystem as venture investment among institutional firms cools off.
The Home Depot appears to recognize this. On Tuesday, the home improvement retailer announced the creation of Home Depot Ventures, a $150 million venture capital fund that’s designed to support technology that will “advance The Home Depot's ability to provide a seamless interconnected shopping experience, develop new and differentiated capabilities, and extend its low-cost provider position,” according to a news release. In particular, it is interested in backing technologies that can support homeowners, home improvement businesses, Home Depot associates and drive “operational excellence.”
The fund builds on The Home Depot’s past investment in startups such as freight technology company Loadsmart and same-day delivery platform Roadie, the latter of which was acquired by UPS in 2021. It comes amid signs that tech is being elevated at the company. It recently promoted Matt Carey to the newly-created role of EVP of customer experience and Fahim Siddiqui as CIO.
"With Home Depot Ventures, we're lending our support and expertise to enable rapid scale of innovation," said Richard McPhail, executive vice president and chief financial officer of The Home Depot. "This is an exciting opportunity to find and scale the next big ideas in technology and retail."
In the food sphere, Chipotle recently launched a $50 million venture fund to invest in restaurant technology. Known as Cultivate Next, the fund is set to back technologies that can assist in running restaurants, improving its food offerings and expanding access and convenience for consumers. In the first two signs of investment, the company is testing an AI-powered robot called Chippy to cook tortilla chips, and experimenting with RFID to track ingreidents.
"We are exploring investments in emerging innovation that will enhance our employee and guest experience, and quite possibly revolutionize the restaurant industry," said Chiptole CTO Curt Garner in a statement. "Investing in forward-thinking ventures that are looking to drive meaningful change at scale will help accelerate Chipotle's aggressive growth plans."
Ever mindful of staying ahead, Amazon has its own plans to invest in new robots as it seeks to back fulfillment technology that pushes logistics forward. With the new $1 billion Industrial Innovation Fund, the ecommerce giant has already backed five startups. With a massive fulfillment network built out (excessively, it turns out, at least for now) to keep up with demand, more investment is coming.
Going forward, it will be less and less surprising that strategies taken by the top ecommerce retailer and a chain known for its massive brick-and-mortar stores are sounding some similar notes. After all, they’ll be looking to reach many of the same shoppers, wherever they prefer to be.
Accurate inventory is now essential for Amazon FBA sellers, writes Emplicit's Evan Sherman.
Amazon used to be a lot more laissez faire about how Fulfilled By Amazon (FBA) sellers used their fulfillment centers. Sellers could send in inventory, and, while the space wasn’t unlimited, if their sales were not as forecasted they would simply pay long-term storage fees. Sure, if a seller’s inventory management was poor enough they would have their inventory storage limits reduced and pay higher storage fees, but this was just an incentive not to let things slide too much.
However, in 2022 Amazon reduced storage limits overall to the point where some FBA sellers had sales and catalog size impacted, and in March 2023 Amazon revised their inventory system. There is now an incentive for FBA sellers to be highly accurate with inventory management because Amazon will reward them with increased storage limits. Precision is a carrot now, rather than a stick.
In this article, we provide five strategic methods that sellers can utilize to optimize inventory management on Amazon.
Achieving successful inventory management on Amazon requires a profound understanding of past demand patterns and the capacity to accurately forecast future demand. Seasonality, market trends, historical sales figures, competitor activity and planned promotions all play a crucial role in determining the trajectory of sales.
At Emplicit, we advocate for the analysis of multiple historical data points, encompassing previous 7, 30, 60, and 90-day sales figures. Our logistics experts factor in internal factors such as stock availability, marketing spend, promotions, and sales and margin targets, and external factors such as seasonality, Amazon trends, new category restrictions and market entrants. A comprehensive review of shipments in working, shipped, or receiving status is also beneficial. Striking a balance between what has been sold, what is available, and what's en route to an Amazon fulfillment center is key to precise forecasting.
Inventory management isn’t a static task; it requires constant vigilance and flexibility. FBA sellers should regularly review and modify their demand forecasts, adjust their replenishment suggestions based on demand shifts, and update their minimum reorder points as required.
Sellers should review sales daily, plan replenishment frequencies to suit their needs, and maintain appropriate inventory levels at Amazon. Weekly replenishments can help keep a seller’s inbound pipeline full, minimize out-of-stock instances, and account for unforeseen supply chain disruptions.
Amazon’s organic and paid algorithms prioritize products with high sell-through rates. This means best selling products end up selling better. Focusing on high-performing items allows FBA sellers to reduce monthly storage costs, avoid aged inventory and the associated fees that Amazon imposes, and curtail the need for costly removal orders. And sales velocity is the quickest way to get Amazon to increase your storage limits. Concentrate on the 20% of items that generate 80% of sales.
At the same time, sellers should prune their catalogs by removing slow-selling items. These items negatively affect Amazon’s Inventory Performance Index (IPI) score, which directly influences the space Amazon allocates to a seller’s inventory in their fulfillment centers.
If sellers are tight on inventory space, as well as the best-selling products, they should prioritize products with higher margins until Amazon provides additional storage, and they should reduce marketing spend accordingly – something which necessitates a close relationship between inventory and marketing.
Ranking products by sales and margins, and calculating the storage space each product takes up will go a long way towards understanding and anticipating demand on Amazon.
Amazon’s capacity management system is a new system for allocating inventory limits to FBA sellers and allowing sellers to gauge their inventory capacity at Amazon’s fulfillment centers. It also enables sellers to bid on increases to their inventory limits.
Previously, Amazon had restock limits which were updated weekly based on the seller’s previous 90-day sales. Restock limits were determined by Inventory Performance Index (IPI) metrics such as sell-through, excess inventory, and stranded inventory. However, because the restock limits were updated weekly, it was challenging to plan accordingly, especially heading into a peak season or if a seller was about to run a promotion.
With Amazon’s Capacity Monitor program, sellers are given a monthly capacity outlook based on the cubic feet of space occupied by their products in Amazon’s fulfillment centers and their IPI metrics. Amazon not only provides a current month outlook on available space; they provide an estimate for the next three months which can aid in the inventory planning process.
To take advantage of the new system, it’s imperative FBA sellers understand their product's physical footprint in relation to the allotted space Amazon provides (Amazon does still provide unit estimates). Knowing a product’s cubic feet and the product tier designation allows for effective planning of inventory replenishment. Exceeding space limits means overage fees from Amazon, however, if a seller knows they have a peak in sales coming up they can bid for additional capacity (in cubic feet). However, selling-through this additional inventory means Amazon waives those fees, so it’s a win-win.
At Emplicit, we have seen the capacity monitor program benefit our clients, with many clients seeing an increase in the amount of inventory they can ship in – likely due to healthy sell-through velocity and other IPI metrics. The program has fundamentally changed the way we approach managing our inventory on Amazon, so everything sellers do regarding inventory planning should be within the context of Amazon’s capacity monitor program.
Smart sellers should already be considering the impact of their product packaging on their FBA fulfillment fees. If the actual product size allows, sellers can generate significant savings by reducing the size of their packaging. Amazon’s Small Standard rates are 15-20% cheaper than Large Standard rates depending on weight, and Amazon’s Small & Light rates are 15-27% cheaper still than Small Standard rates. However, fulfillment cost savings are not the only reason to reduce packaging size, smaller packaging can significantly increase Amazon inventory cost-efficiencies.
With Amazon’s capacity management system providing inventory space based on cubic feet rather than number of units, the space each product takes up is now more important than ever. While larger packaging sizes can sometimes improve sales in brick and mortar retail, sellers should consider developing smaller Amazon-only packaging. This will not only reduce fulfillment costs, but allow more units to be stored in the same inventory space. The combined savings can more than offset the cost of a redesign and second packaging print run.
Additionally, smaller packaging may qualify sellers for Amazon’s Compact By Design badge. This helps brands stand out, and increases click-throughs and conversions. (We suspect there are algorithm tweaks for brands with certain badges too, but it’s difficult to prove.) Amazon-specific packaging can help with Transparency (anti-counterfeiters) and help combat unauthorized resellers.
While it might seem like a significant investment and not something the inventory team typically gets involved with, reducing packaging size is a long-term way for FBA sellers to optimize inventory management.
Amazon Global Logistics (AGL) offers a streamlined solution for sellers whose products are manufactured in China. AGL eliminates the need to use freight forwarders who would usually receive a shipment from China, then split up that shipment and forward on to multiple Amazon fulfillment centers per the standard FBA process. Instead, sellers can book shipments directly with Amazon, complete the necessary export/import documentation, and ship directly to US, UK or European fulfillment centers – sending the entire shipment to a single fulfillment center.
If leveraged properly, AGL can save sellers thousands of dollars in warehouse and 3PL fees and reduce the need for inventory to be processed multiple times before it arrives at Amazon’s fulfillment center, meaning inventory gets where it needs to be quicker.
AGL offers two shipping options – Standard Ocean Freight and Fast Ocean Freight – with the standard option giving sellers the opportunity to either ship via a full container load (FCL) or less than container load (LCL). Shipping partial container loads with Amazon doesn’t slow shipments down versus other carriers because of Amazon’s scale. Amazon’s economies of scale mean that AGL can offer shipping prices from mainland China and Hong Kong that most sellers are unable to match. And Amazon’s expert customs brokers get products cleared through customs quickly because Amazon has a vested interest in shortening the time to market.
This one-step international shipping direct to Amazon was actually something we pioneered before the advent of this service from AGL – working with our client Shapermint and their manufacturers in China and logistics team to ensure packaging and shipments were FBA compliant. However, now AGL offers this service, it’s an even easier solution to a common challenge. We suspect AGL will roll out in other international manufacturing markets, but Amazon is tight-lipped for now.
Amazon inventory management is complex and needs constant attention. Sellers can hire a fractional inventory specialist because this is not something that should be trusted to an Amazon generalist. If sellers get inventory right, it will keep pace with sales. But if they get it wrong, their inventory can become the main thing holding them back.
Evan Sherman is the director of logistics at Emplicit.